Project Description:
The objective of this project is to analyze tax dispute cases, particularly those resulting from tax audit reports, dealt with by the Revenue Service Dispute Resolution Department, Ministry of Finance’s (MoF) Dispute Appeal Council and the Court. It also aims to identify the most frequently disputed areas of the tax legislation and to analyze whether the justifications of decisions across the relevant bodies are consistent. In addition it seeks to develop recommendations on how to address the identified deficiencies in both legislation and practice (including dispute resolution practice).
The tax dispute resolution system within the MoF consists of two tiers. It starts with the submission of a complaint to the Revenue Service Dispute Resolution Department. In the event of an unsatisfactory decision, the taxpayer has the right to lodge an appeal to the next tier – the Tax Appeal Council under the MoF.
The number of tax disputes, including appeals to the Court is increasing every year (1340 registered cases within the MoF system in 2012; 1875 in 2013; 1940 in 2014). On the one hand, the dispute resolution system has become overloaded resulting in delays, and on the other hand the taxpayers spend significant resources (time and finances) on disputes which could potentially be avoided.
Due to the large number of decisions, the MoF has never conducted a qualitative analysis to identify the gaps in the tax legislation and to recommend improvements. The MoF publishes the Tax Appeal Council’s Annual Reports on its website which are purely quantitative analyses including only the number of registered applications, hearings, disputes, decisions and the list of disputed topics. Meanwhile, the court decisions are seldom analyzed except for a limited number of cases considered by the Supreme Court. The most complex disputes usually relate to tax audit decisions.
In order to facilitate in-depth analysis of tax dispute cases, PMCG is conducting the following activities:
a. Screen tax dispute cases (registered in 2014 or after) in order to identify those, that:
b. Conduct in-depth analysis of selected tax dispute cases (up to 300 cases in total) to:
c. Suggest recommendations on:
Background Information:
Governing for Growth in Georgia (G4G) is a five-year multi-million dollar USAID project designed to support the Georgian government to create a better enabling environment in which legal and regulatory reforms are fairly and transparently conceived, implemented and enforced through consultative dialogue.
One of the major areas of reform supported by G4G in the energy sector of Georgia is the introduction of the Electricity Trading Mechanism (ETM) to enable competitive electricity trading in the domestic and export (primarily Turkish) markets. The ETM will enable the simultaneous foreign trade of electricity as opposed to the one-directional transactions that are currently the norm. The new ETM system is expected to be launched in 2019.
Follow the links below for more detailed information:
Governing for Growth in Georgia (G4G)
Assessment of Customs Procedures for Cross-Border Electricity Trading
Good Governance Fund
Support to Public Finance Policy Reform (PFM)
Support to Approximation of Georgian VAT Rules with EU VAT Legislation
On September 9, we presented the findings of the research entitled “Investment and Export Promotion via Diagonal Cumulation between Georgia, Türkiye, and the European Union” at a forum organized by the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia with the support of the USAID Economic Security Program, the EU, and GIZ.
We recently started working on a new project entitled “Communal Infrastructure for Environment and Tourism Improvement - Lot 2: Accompanying Measures,” aimed at improving the living conditions of people in four Georgian municipalities (Baghdati, Vani, Samtredia, and Kazbegi) through improving the supply of hygienically-sound drinking water and environmentally-safe sanitation infrastructure.
We recently completed a project entitled “Executive Roundtable (ERT) Session on Non-Profit Budgeting Process,” carried out by the USAID HICD Activity and implemented by the Kaizen, Tetra Tech company, aiming to facilitate collaboration, collective learning, and organizational development in the non-profit budgeting process with a cohort of selected organizations, including the Georgian Young Lawyers Association (GYLA), the Georgian Institute of Politics (GIP), and the Georgian Association of Social Workers (GASW).
On September 19-23, the International Consortium on Governmental Financial Management (ICGFM) is hosting the 2022 International Conference at the University Club of Washington DC, offering the first opportunity in over two years for the global PFM community to gather in-person to network and connect with leading professionals and colleagues from across the world, in a unique and distinguished setting.
On July 28, PMCG supported a workshop organized by the EU and the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture of Georgia as part of the project “Support to Environmental Protection and Fight Against Climate Change in Georgia.”
The beverage manufacturing sector, encompassing the production of fruit juices, mineral water, soft drinks, beer, and spirits, has high export potential and a strong presence of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). From 2017 to 2023, Georgia’s total beverage exports grew at a CAGR of 10%, reaching USD 463 million in 2023. Despite overall export growth, the share of exports to the EU declined significantly during this time, particularly for SMEs. Key challenges include limited access to quality raw materials, outdated machinery, a shortage of skilled labor, and logistical constraints, as well as difficulties in meeting EU standards and DCFTA regulations and limited access to financing for export operations.
Our latest monthly publication, Employment Tracker, offers insights into recent developments in Georgia’s labor market. In March 2025, the number of persons receiving a monthly salary saw a modest increase of 0.3% compared to the same period in 2024. In March 2025, the total number of vacancies posted on jobs.ge decreased by 18% YoY. The administration and management category contributed the most to the decline in vacancies from January to March 2025.
Georgia’s IT services sector has experienced rapid expansion, with tax revenues quadrupling between 2020 and 2023, employment increasing 5.4-fold, and turnover rising 13-fold. Government policies and incentives, such as the International Company Status and FDI Grant Program, have played a key role in attracting foreign investment and driving the sector’s development. Future growth will rely on strategic initiatives such as the successful implementation of GITA 2.0, enhanced IT procurement policies, and stronger collaboration with the private sector, while addressing key challenges like export capabilities and talent retention.
Shortly after Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, maritime trade flows in the Black Sea were significantly reshaped. As the war continued, developments affecting the trade in the Black Sea changed, underscoring the importance of thoroughly analyzing how the region has adapted to such disruptions. This publication builds upon the previous edition, which was released shortly after the outbreak of the war. Now, three years later, our focus shifts to examining how trade dynamics, particularly maritime trade in the Black Sea region, have evolved during this period. Key insights include: Upon the outbreak of the Russo-Ukrainian War, port calls in Ukraine and Russia dropped sharply, while other Black Sea countries briefly benefited from redirected trade flows. By late 2023, port calls in Ukraine had gradually recovered, supported by new shipping routes through Romania and Bulgaria. However, serious threats to commercial shipping remained. Ukraine’s maritime exports and imports fell sharply in 2022, with a slow recovery in imports in 2023. In Russia, maritime imports declined, while exports initially increased in 2022, possibly due to sanctions being ineffective. However, as the sanctions intensified, exports also fell significantly the following year.
Our latest monthly publication, Employment Tracker, offers insights into recent developments in Georgia’s labor market. In February 2025, the annual growth in the number of salaried employees recorded its lowest rate since 2023. In February 2025, the total number of vacancies posted on jobs.ge decreased by 20% YoY. Between December 2024 and February 2025, the Sales and Procurement category saw the highest number of job postings.